Portfolio

Portfolio

Jump cuts were created in 1896 by Melies he was filming a bus coming out of a tunnel and his camera film jammed when it started filming again it filmed a horse cart going by and when he watched the film a jump cut was created making the bus look like it transformed into the horse cart, he used this in is magical shows to show people disappearing. Jump cuts were usually used to create magically effects during the 1800s but now in the present days jump cuts are been used to break continuity and therefore can fall under montage techniques. Jump cuts basically manipulates time and space as it can be used to show the passing of time in just one glance also uses combination of different shots but doesn't actually tell a story. When a jump cut is used most times there are no relationships between the two shots or just little therefore it can be seen as an alternative way of editing as it allows discontinuity and not continuity.


Rhythmic editing: Shots changes based on the tempo of music been played so therefore the shots changes according to the tempo of the music. This technique is used to pass time. It was invented by esiestein. This technique uses alot of different shots combined together to actually engage the viewers as they are mentally engaged as they use their eyes and hears they do not know that the beat is followed by the editing or the editing is not noticed, it can also be used to create tension or to increase the tempo of a particular scene of video.

Cross- Cutting 
Cross cutting also known as parallel editing, is cutting between two different scenes that are happening at the same time.This technique was created and developed by D.W. Griffith. Cross-Cutting was first used in D.W Griffith's film "After many years" in 1908. The clip below shows an example of cross-cutting being used. The clip is from the film Quantum of Solace. In the scene, A man is being interrogated, the camera then cuts to another scene to show that somebody is approaching in a car. The purpose of Cross-Cutting is to show two important/relevant events in the story that are happening at the same time. Using Cross-Cutting makes the story of a film more interesting for audience. It also allows the audience to be introduced to new characters of the story. Cross cutting manipulates time and space as it allows us to see two different events simultaneously happening at the exactly same time. Though these shots were shot at different times, it has been edited to make viewers think they are actually happening at the same time which really helps in story telling as it also engage the viewers and they do not need to use their brains to work out what is going on so its defiantly a mainstream way of editing it aloes uses different combinations of different shots to make the story more interesting 
  


Motivated cut: This is when a shot/ scene cuts to another scene to show an object or character that wast present in the previous frame. Its a mainstream style of editing as it doesn't break continuity, its normally used to create suspense or show conversations between two characters with different significant importance added to them in detail in those shots.The main purpose of the motivated cut is to actually make the viewers know what is going on it engages the viewers and also develops the drama it also uses a variety of different combinations of shot cutting at different pace and also following the action.


180 degree rule: This an imaginary line that goes between two characters which the camera or set of cameras must not cross. Its a mainstream type of editing as it allows and keeps continuity. It uses different combination of shots such as shot reverse shot and over the shoulder shot to show conversation between two characters it also engages the viewer by letting them know who a character is talking to or talking about, the main purpose of the 180 degree rule is to keep one character on a particular and another character on the other side of the screen the rule also follows the action as it
happens. We can seethe rule been used alot in the trailer of man of steel mainly during conversations.


Continuity - A sequence of shots done to entertain the audience, to create a story in a linear sequence. It was invented by D.W Griffiths, through trial as error, as he would try something out and see if it worked. Continuity came from the US, fighting between them and Soviet Russia, who created montage, continuity proved more popular with audiences as it was just done to entertain the audience, unlike montage, which is designed to make the audience think. Continuities main aim is to actually keep viewers engaged and entertained instead of making them actually think like what montage does.
















Shot rev shot
Shot Reverse shot is, involves two characters having a conversation. You would have one character looking at the other, then we would have a reverse shot from that characters point of view. This is also known as continuity editing.The purpose of using short reverse shot to see character face whilst talking instead focusing on one character when talking, by this you can see their emotions when talking and makes more interesting. It engages the viewers making them more entertained and telling them what is actually going on.

As we can see from 30 seconds in the use of Shot rev shot was used, as the camera is positioned from over the shoulders of each character. It also portrays the relationship between the two characters. Each time a person speaks it automatically cuts to the main objective. Shot rev shot was developed by Dw Griffith. 

 


Point of View shot - This is a technique where it will show the scene from the characters point of view, so you can see the events from their perspective, allowing the audience to feel involved in the film because they can see it as if they are there.
 The Point Of View shot is used here, it is done to show the current events taking place from one characters perspective. It is done to see the events from the eyes of the character.

Parallel editing 

Parallel editing, also known as cross cutting is a technique used in editing where two or more scenes which often happen but in different locations in the film. Edwin S.Porter used this I his movie 'The Great Train Robbery' . In the early cinema cross cutting was used to show where things occur in different locations. Lets the viewers know what is going on and also it uses alot of combination of shots and it also manipulates time and space as well as storytelling.

The Kuleshov Effect

The kuleshov effect is when there would a close up but then the second shot can change the meaning completely, the meaning is constructed in our minds.

Prezi on history of film making

seamless editing

seamless editing is when you eyes follow the actions which means we don't see the invisible cut. for example if the shot follows the action.it will be an invisible cut. Battleship Potmenkin was a film that used seamless editing which was a technique discovered by Sergei Eisenstein.

Breathless

Breathless

Narrative: from watching this clip we can tell that  this is non linear because this whole scene is put in order for example the film is laid out start to middle to finish.\

format: the format of this film is a short film

Genre: the genre of this film is horror, we can tell this because the association with death and murder.

 The shot here is a master shot as it contains all characters and shows the surrounding of the room. The white on the walls can be associated with purity, but the clothes what the characters are wearing are black, which can resemble death or danger.






 In the next scene there is a use of a 180 degree rule. It is used to show that the characters are in a conversation and also the space that they represent is used to show the relationship between them.

In this scene the camera switches to the main subject, which is the girl getting in the bath. The camera angle is a birds eye view so that all the subjects can fit in the shot.

This shot is used to show the man's reaction with the experiment he is trying with his wife. The shot used is a close up which is used to pickup facial expressions.

In this shot a close up is used to pick up the fact that she is struggling and drowning in a bath. The black bikini is in the shot to represent and continue the theme of death in this short film.

In this scene a blue filter is used to add a traumatic feel to this scene for the man outside of the bath and is portray to the audience because blue represents trust and the trust is being lost due to flashing in the scene which could also be used to trigger a flashback.

The watch in this scene is used to resemble show much time the girl has to live and also it was being used to measure how long she could stay in the water for,  

2AM Smiling Man

2AM Smiling Man

Narrative: from watching this clip we can tell that  this is non linear because this whole scene is put in order for example the film is laid out start to middle to finish.\

format: the format of this film is a short film

Genre: the genre of this film is horror, we can tell this because the association with death and murder.

In this shot the lighting is key, for example because the character is just lit up and I believe this resembles that this is the main character who is relevant in this sequence of shots. Also the fact the scene is blacked out shows that low-key lighting is being used.

Then in the next scene this mysterious character appears from the shadows which could resemble a bad evil thing such as a ghost coming to the light. Also if we look this can also show the scenery in the scene so we get a sense of location.

The shot is an over the shoulder shot which is used to create mystery this also gives us a full point of view of the mysterious character lurking in the shadows. The dark scene can relate to the characters meaning and purpose.

In this scene we can see a reveal shot of the character which can resemble that the character is becoming relevant to the shot.

the shot used here is over the shoulder the shot , which is used to resemble the effect that the victim is so scared he keeps on looking over his shoulder. also the fact he is dark resemble that the character is back dark in the shadows.







in his we are shown the face of the mysterious figure which makes the other character calm down because its just a normal character but then he starts running away which shows the characters fear, arrogance and deception.






in this scene an hand held cam is used to create an effect of a panic. also throughout the the scene there is a flow of continuity which is pieced together to show his is running but from certain angles.

in this scene you can see that the is no lighting on a specific thing but when the character runs out its lit up this resembles that he is escaping the darkness. the natural light makes the scene become more realistic.

in this there is a revealing close up on the mysterious character which could be suggest that the character is about to be murdered or abducted. so this is the final shot to end the episode on a cliff hanger.

the audio in this clip is just ambient sounds and then we have a gradual piece of music which is non diagetic which a piece which i synced to the sound so this shows it was made for this short film.

Porcelain Rising

Porcelain Rising

Narrative: from watching this clip we can tell that  this is non linear because this whole scene is put in order for example the film is laid out start to middle to finish.

format: the format of this film is a short film

Genre: the genre of this film is horror, we can tell this because the association with death and murder.

The theme and character in this scene are both shown up prominent in white because i believe white represents purity and innocence which shows this character is a vulnerable victim. the low shot was used to show that something was sitting under the bed , the shot was being used improper because a low shot is used to show dominance but instead it is used here to show vulnerability and that something is under the bed.

the lightning is used to show represent it being a cold winters night. which can create a feeling of suspense and scary nature. also with lighting being heard by the actress it makes the sound diagetic because the actor can therefore hear it.

the character doesn't react when her father opens the door so we no automatically that there is a relationship between the two characters . also the way that he is placed higher in the shot shows that he is a dominant in protecting his daughter. also him being placed in the light could show that he is there for there for his daughter.

the way the father approaches the doll which has been bothering his daughter shows he is concerned about the safety of the daughter. also the fact the doll is placed in corner of the room overlooking the child's bed can represent that the doll is always watching the child sleep.

the close up on the doll is used to pick up the features of the doll for example the fact the doll only has one eye can represent a sense of horror which can be terrifying for the little girl. the close up can represent and enhance the fear factor instead of it just being a master shot.

in this shot there is a use of low key lighting which is used to create a dark background to associate with a dark and sinister object such as the doll. the lighting represents the theme for example the the dark scene can represent a sinister and evil thing and the scenes that contain lighting can represent something quite peaceful.

the audio used at the start of the production is a cot chime which is an eerie and terrifying sound which is used in most horrors that include possessed objects and children this is used to represent horror to the audience.as the credits finished there are ambient sounds and then we start hearing lightning and dialogue between the father and his daughter. also throughout there are scenes with a suspenseful music which sounds represents danger.

the angle at which this placed represents there is something that the character can see and what we can see so i believe this creates suspense for the audience in finding out in what she is looking at. also the shot is quite close on her face so she seems vulnerable. this is used in a effect to understand the girls feelings and emotions

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the scene here is showing this character in high key lighting which can represent the purity of the character.also the fact he is the most highlighted object in shot , which shows relevance to the character and the relationship between him and the audience. also throughout the scene you can see the man is hesitant which could show his fear and vulnerability. in the kitchen scene ellipsis is used to creating the meaning that the man is passing time. when the man is walking
around the kitchen a jump-cut is used to add insecurity and a paranormal feel to the movie.

this shot here represents a mysterious view because it makes the audience think what is under the bed. also the filter in the shot is a dark blue which can resemble  the meaning of the shot for example a dark blue can represent trust
but the fact it gets darker can show that the trust is being lost.

in this shot we can tell the doll has come too life, but juxtaposition is used in this sequence because when the doll is at the end of the bed it switches to the girl tied to the bed and these shots put together create the meaning of the doll magically tying the girl up, which we can tell is that the girl is scared and filled with fear.